Publications
31-40 of 47
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Road Safety Data
Guide pour la Conduite de Revues de Données de Sécurité Routière (French)
July 2022
- Xác định ngắn gọn giá trị thực tế mạnh mẽ của AE trong việc cứu sống và giảm thương tích.
- Xác định các vấn đề và tiêu chí cần xem xét trước khi bắt đầu thực thi tự động. Xác định các bước cần thực hiện để đạt được sự sẵn sàng cho việc thực thi tự động. Xác định các vấn đề để cải thiện các hệ thống thực thi tự động hiện có.
- Cung cấp danh sách kiểm tra để đảm bảo cân nhắc đầy đủ các vấn đề để đánh giá mức độ sẵn sàng triển khai hệ thống AE hoặc cải thiện hệ thống hiện có.
- Identificar brevemente el poderoso valor práctico de la AE para salvar vidas y reducir las lesiones.
- Identificar los problemas y criterios que se deben considerar antes de comenzar la aplicación automática de la ley. Identificar los pasos que se deben tomar para lograr la preparación para la aplicación automática de la ley. Identificar los problemas para mejorar los sistemas de aplicación automática de la ley existentes.
- Proporcionar una lista de verificación para garantizar que se tenga en cuenta adecuadamente los problemas para evaluar la preparación para implementar un sistema de AE o mejorar un sistema existente.
- Identifier brièvement la valeur pratique considérable du CA pour sauver des vies et réduire les blessures.
- Identifier les problèmes et les critères à prendre en compte avant de commencer le contrôle automatisé. Identifier les mesures à prendre pour se préparer au contrôle automatisé. Identifier les problèmes pour améliorer les systèmes de contrôle automatisé existants.
- Fournir une liste de contrôle pour garantir que les problèmes sont pris en compte de manière adéquate pour évaluer l'état de préparation à la mise en œuvre d'un système CA ou à l'amélioration d'un système existant.
- Identificar brevemente o poderoso valor prático da AE em salvar vidas e reduzir ferimentos.
- Identificar problemas e critérios a serem considerados antes de iniciar a fiscalização automatizada. Identificar etapas a serem tomadas para atingir a prontidão para a fiscalização automatizada. Identificar problemas para melhorar os sistemas de fiscalização automatizados existentes.
- Fornecer uma lista de verificação para garantir que a consideração adequada seja dada aos problemas para avaliar a prontidão para implementar um sistema AE ou melhorar um sistema existente.
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Post-Crash Health Care
Transport for Health: The Global Burden of Disease from Motorized Road Transport
August 2021
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- reasons for taking action
- the main elements of post-crash response
- examples of best practice
- helpful resources.
- government departments and policymakers
- local and regional government
- emergency service managers and professionals
- paramedics and community responders
- laypeople and members of the community
- crash survivors, families, and organizations representing them.
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Post-Crash Health Care
Road Traffic Injuries in Malawi: With Special Focus on the Role of Alcohol
June 2021
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Of 1347 eligible patients who were asked to participate during a period of about three months, 1259 (93.5 percent) gave informed consent, eight patients were not tested for alcohol and thus excluded, resulting in 1251 patients in the study.
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The prevalence of alcohol was 30.7 percent among males and only 2.5 percent among females, who represented 19.2% of the total cases. There were minor differences across different age groups, with the highest prevalence of alcohol use among those between 25 and 44 years of age (26-27 percent) and lowest among those 45 years of age and older (19.7 percent).
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The highest prevalence of alcohol was found among patients with no formal education (33.3 percent) compared to patients with college or university education (22.1 percent) with the lowest prevalence.
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When comparing the different road users, the highest prevalence of alcohol was found among pedestrians (41.8 percent) while the prevalence among the other road users varied from 19.1 percent (bicycle riders) to 24 percent (motorcycle riders).
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Patients injured during weekend night crashes, showed the highest prevalence of alcohol (59.6 percent), followed by those injured during weekend evenings (36.8 percent) and weekday nights (35.3 percent).
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Regarding drinking habits, measured by the AUDIT-C questionnaire, hazardous drinking was more common among males (26 percent) than among females (4.2 percent). Age group 25-34 years had the highest prevalence of positive AUDIT-C test (26 percent).
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The blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) at the time of injury were estimated by back-calculation for road users who were tested for alcohol within five hours after injury in accordance with forensic medicine practices. An estimated proportion of 15.2% of the injured motor vehicle drivers had BAC at or above 0.08g/dl when the crash occurred.
Dans de nombreux pays du monde, les lacunes en matière de données ou de qualité des données compromettent l’élaboration de politiques de sécurité routière fondées sur des données probantes. Si de nombreux pays collectent des données sur la sécurité routière, la collecte n’est pas nécessairement exhaustive. En outre, de nombreux pays peuvent ne pas être conscients des lacunes de données dans leur système, ce qui les empêche d’analyser correctement leurs problèmes de sécurité routière. Par conséquent, les définitions et les méthodes de collecte des données sur la sécurité routière doivent converger vers des critères internationaux standard, permettant ainsi des comparaisons dans l’espace (entre les pays) et dans le temps.
C’est la raison d’être des observatoires régionaux de la sécurité routière, qui ont été développés, par exemple, en Amérique latine (OISEVI), en Afrique (ARSO) et en Asie-Pacifique (APRSO). Ils offrent l’occasion de déployer des efforts régionaux conjoints pour améliorer, de manière harmonisée, la collecte et l’analyse des données sur la sécurité routière. Les observatoires régionaux de la sécurité routière favorisent l’adoption d’un ensemble commun d’indicateurs de sécurité routière basés sur des définitions communes et servent de moyen d’aider les pays à améliorer la gestion de leurs systèmes de données sur les accidents.
Ce document est conçu pour aider les examinateurs à évaluer la collecte de données sur la sécurité routière ; Il convient de prendre en compte l’ensemble des données de sécurité. Cette tâche peut s’avérer compliquée, car la collecte de données sur la sécurité routière ne se fait souvent pas par le biais d’activités dédiées à cet effet, mais plutôt par le biais d’autres sources. Par exemple, les rapports d’activité de la police ou des hôpitaux sont utilisés pour fournir des informations à des fins juridiques ou médicales. Les routines concernées ont souvent une longue histoire dans laquelle la collecte de statistiques fiables et complètes a été, au mieux, une priorité secondaire. Les différents acteurs impliqués reflètent la structure complexe du système judiciaire et exécutif d’un pays, qui, en général, ne sont pas coordonnés. Par conséquent, tout examen du processus de collecte de données nécessite un « travail de détective ».
Hướng dẫn này được biên soạn để hỗ trợ một khu vực pháp lý xác định mức độ sẵn sàng chuyển sang thực thi tự động (AE). Camera tốc độ thực thi giới hạn tốc độ là một ứng dụng phổ biến của AE và có nhiều yếu tố pháp lý và hoạt động có hệ thống phải được áp dụng trước khi AE có thể có hiệu quả. Ví dụ, hình ảnh chính xác của một phương tiện chạy quá tốc độ, khi không có hệ thống cấp phép lái xe và đăng ký xe mạnh mẽ, thì giá trị an toàn đường bộ không cao. Điều quan trọng là, thực thi tốc độ tự động nên được coi là một phần của phương pháp quản lý tốc độ toàn diện bao gồm cả cơ sở hạ tầng đường bộ và cảnh sát ven đường. Quản lý tốc độ là một yếu tố cơ bản của Hệ thống an toàn.
Mục đích của tài liệu này:
Các hành vi bất hợp pháp khác, bao gồm không tuân thủ tín hiệu đèn đỏ, sử dụng điện thoại di động hoặc điện thoại di động, đi sai làn đường và không sử dụng biện pháp hạn chế cũng có thể được phát hiện bằng cách sử dụng phương pháp thực thi tự động. Tuy nhiên, tài liệu này áp dụng cụ thể cho việc thực thi tốc độ tự động, vì quản lý tốc độ đòi hỏi sự chú ý đáng kể trên toàn thế giới và đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc giảm tử vong và thương tích do tai nạn giao thông đường bộ.
Esta guía se ha preparado para ayudar a una jurisdicción a determinar el nivel de preparación para pasar a la aplicación automática de la ley (AE). Las cámaras de control de velocidad que hacen cumplir los límites de velocidad son una aplicación común de la AE y hay muchos elementos legales y operativos sistémicos que deben estar en su lugar antes de que la AE pueda ser efectiva. Por ejemplo, una imagen precisa de un vehículo que va a exceso de velocidad, en ausencia de sistemas sólidos de licencias de conducir y registro de vehículos, tiene poco valor para la seguridad vial. Es importante destacar que la aplicación automática de la ley de velocidad debe considerarse como una parte de un enfoque integral de gestión de la velocidad que también incluye la infraestructura vial y la vigilancia en la carretera. La gestión de la velocidad es un elemento fundamental del Sistema Seguro.
Objetivos de este documento:
También se pueden detectar otras conductas ilegales, como desobedecer una señal de luz roja, usar el teléfono móvil o celular, usar un carril incorrecto y no usar el dispositivo de retención mediante un enfoque de control automatizado. Sin embargo, este documento se aplica específicamente al control automatizado de la velocidad, porque la gestión de la velocidad requiere una atención significativa en todo el mundo y desempeña un papel fundamental en la reducción de las muertes y lesiones por accidentes de tránsito.
Ce guide a été préparé pour aider une juridiction à déterminer le niveau de préparation à la mise en œuvre d'un contrôle automatisé (CA). Les radars de contrôle des limites de vitesse sont une application courante du CA et de nombreux éléments juridiques et opérationnels systémiques doivent être mis en place avant que le CA puisse être efficace. Par exemple, une image précise d'un véhicule roulant à grande vitesse, en l'absence de systèmes robustes de délivrance de permis de conduire et d'immatriculation des véhicules, n'a que peu de valeur pour la sécurité routière. Il est important de noter que le contrôle automatisé de la vitesse doit être considéré comme une partie d'une approche globale de gestion de la vitesse qui comprend également l'infrastructure routière et la police routière. La gestion de la vitesse est un élément fondamental du système sûr.
Objectifs de ce document :
D’autres comportements illégaux, comme le non-respect d’un feu rouge, l’utilisation d’un téléphone portable, le franchissement incorrect de la voie et l’utilisation d’un dispositif de retenue, peuvent également être détectés à l’aide d’une approche automatisée de contrôle de la vitesse. Cependant, ce document s’applique spécifiquement au contrôle automatisé de la vitesse, car la gestion de la vitesse requiert une attention particulière dans le monde entier et joue un rôle essentiel dans la réduction des décès et des blessures sur les routes.
Este guia foi preparado para auxiliar uma jurisdição a determinar o nível de prontidão para mudar para a fiscalização automatizada (AE). Câmeras de velocidade que fiscalizam limites de velocidade são uma aplicação comum de AE e há muitos elementos legais e operacionais sistêmicos que devem estar em vigor antes que a AE possa ser eficaz. Por exemplo, uma imagem precisa de um veículo em alta velocidade, na ausência de sistemas robustos de licenciamento de motoristas e registro de veículos, tem pouco valor para a segurança nas estradas. É importante ressaltar que a fiscalização automatizada de velocidade deve ser considerada como parte de uma abordagem abrangente de gerenciamento de velocidade que inclua infraestrutura rodoviária e policiamento de beira de estrada também. A gestão da velocidade é um elemento fundamental do Sistema Seguro.
Objetivos deste documento:
Outros comportamentos ilegais, incluindo desobediência a um sinal vermelho, uso de telefone celular ou celular, uso incorreto de faixa e uso sem restrição também podem ser detectados usando uma abordagem de fiscalização automatizada. No entanto, este documento se aplica especificamente à fiscalização automatizada de velocidade, porque o gerenciamento de velocidade requer atenção significativa em todo o mundo e desempenha um papel crítico na redução de mortes e ferimentos no trânsito.
Nearly 30% of all road traffic deaths reported to WHO involve powered two- and three-wheeled vehicles, such as motorcycles, mopeds, scooters and electrical bikes (e-bikes). As these vehicles become increasingly widespread, particularly in low-and middle-income countries, the proportion of deaths involving them is increasing.
The second edition of the Powered- Two and Three-Wheeler Safety Manual offers guidance to help decision makers and practitioners put in place the comprehensive set of laws, regulations and actions needed to save lives. Rooted in new case studies and evidence, including from low- and middle-income countries, it includes guidelines on developing safer roads, ensuring safer mobility for all road users, vehicle safety standards, and actions to improve emergency responses to crashes.
This report summarizes the findings of a long and meticulous journey of data gathering and analysis to quantify the health losses from road deaths and injuries worldwide, as part of the path-finding Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. It is important, first, to acknowledge the profound contribution made by the lead authors and global team of injury prevention professionals to estimate the disease burden of road trauma, before absorbing their findings and recommendations. Without their dedication and tenacity, the way forward would be less certain.
The first GBD study, published nearly two decades ago, signaled an emerging road safety crisis in developing regions of the world. It triggered a remarkable program of global advocacy that culminated in the United Nations decade of action for road safety and a global plan to bring road safety outcomes under control in these regions by 2020. However, limited investment has been mobilized so far to implement the UN initiative. The second GBD studies, and related analyses presented in this report, confirm the importance of road safety as a global development priority and the urgency with which it must be addressed.
The report's findings highlight the growth in road deaths and injuries globally, and their substantial impacts on maternal and child health, despite sustained reductions over the last three to four decades in high-income countries. Combined with the deaths arising from vehicle pollution, the road transport death toll exceeds that of, for example, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, or diabetes. This statistic further reinforces the call for global action. Without these GBD estimates, we would not have a clear picture of the true situation because official country data in the developing world vastly understate the scale of road transport health losses.
What is this toolkit?
This toolkit sets out the key elements of effective post-crash emergency response. The toolkit covers:
Who is this toolkit for?
The toolkit is for all stakeholders with an interest in post-crash response. This includes:
How to use it
The toolkit describes basic good practices for organizing an effective post-crash response. It is a starting point for dialogue and discussion, aimed at identifying goals for improving post-crash services. Every country has different structures and challenges, so the toolkit is not “one-size-fits-all.” However, certain elements of good post-crash response apply everywhere: the need for strategic planning and investment, good coordination, communication, equipment, and training.
To learn more about this project, click here.
Based on 2018 findings of the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of deaths due to road crashes is 1.35 million deaths per year. While this number is quite high and increasing every year, the rate of road crash deaths per 100,000 of population has remained constant, at around 18 deaths, over the years. This rate of deaths is however not distributed proportionately amongst the different regions and countries. The high-income countries have recorded lowest average rate at 8.3 per 100,000. In contrast to this number, low-income countries have the highest annual road traffic fatality rates averaging at 27.5 deaths per 100,000– more than three times the average for high-income countries.
ROAD CRASH AND IMPACT
Most of the deaths and injuries from road crashes are of the working age population, which negatively impacts both the economy and the demography of the region. Road traffic injuries are currently the 8th leading cause for death for all age groups, and further compounding the demographic impact is the fact that road crashes are the leading cause of death for children and young adults, between the ages of 5 and 29 years.
Road traffic crashes have a high economic impact, costing 3 percent of a country’s GDP on average. They also cause a significant impact on the individuals as well as their families. Injuries arising due to road crashes can lead to trauma for the individual and loss in productivity. Along with costs of treatment, economic challenges may further be increased due to temporary or permanent loss of income as well. Along with the victim, road crashes take an emotional toll on the immediate family members and caregivers during the treatment process or any deaths and add to the economic burden as they may need to take time off work or school to care for the injured.
The distribution of road users varies within different regions and income groups of countries. This impacts the variations in death rates amongst the users. The low- and middle-income countries have a significantly high proportion of pedestrians, cyclists and two- or three-wheeler motorized vehicles. Overall, the global road traffic deaths for pedestrians and cyclists is at 26% and another 28% for two- and three-wheeler motorcyclists, totaling nearly 54% of vulnerable road users. This proportion varies in comparison between the economic group of countries, with a high percentage of road crash victims being car occupants.
Globally, a significant percentage of road crash victims being car occupants is also an indicator of insufficient infrastructure for controlling traffic speeds and volumes. Furthermore, when people use private cars more for their daily activities, it results in a higher level of total vehicle-kilometers traveled (VKT). Choice of using personal vehicle over using non-motorized transport or public mass transport may be attributed to the car-centric planning and design of road infrastructure. Many countries lack adequate protected infrastructure for pedestrians and cyclists. This discourages users to walk or bicycle to their destinations.
Mode-choice plays a critical role in road safety. Public mass transit systems not only provide faster and safer transportation mode choices, they also help reduce dependency on privately owned vehicles on the road. Public mass transit services typically follow designated routes as well, thereby minimizing interferences between different types of road users. While many countries still have to develop mass transit infrastructure such as metro rails, public bus system is quite prevalent, with bus rapid transit (BRT) and bus only lane infrastructures being developed. Absence of proper first and last mile connectivity to the transit stations poses security threats for road users and discourages them from using public transport.
SAFE SYSTEM APPROACH
The Safe System approach derives from the Swedish Vision Zero and Dutch Sustainable Safety strategies that have a long-term goal for a road traffic system to be eventually free from fatalities and serious injuries. It represents a shift away from traditional approach of preventing collisions to a more forgiving approach of preventing fatalities and mitigating serious injuries in road crashes. The traditional approach emphasizes the responsibility of road users to avoid crashes rather than the responsibility of system designers to provide a safe mobility system.
The Safe System approach takes into account that humans are vulnerable and fallible, and errors are to be expected. It aims at ensuring these mistakes do not lead to a crash, and if a crash does occur, it is sufficiently controlled to not cause a death or a life-changing injury. Thereby with a “zero-harm goal”, it places a strong emphasis on road builder/operator and vehicle manufacturer accountability for road safety performance.
The Safe System approach emphasizes shared responsibility. Government agencies at different levels and a range of multisectoral agencies and stakeholders – including policy makers, road engineers, planners, vehicle manufacturers, enforcement officers, emergency medical agencies, road safety educators etc. – are accountable for the system’s safety and all road users – drivers, cyclists, and pedestrians are responsible for complying with the system rules.
Road traffic crashes are one of the most important causes for physical and psychosocial disease burden and early death worldwide. The United Nations (UN) declared the Decade of Action for Road Safety during the period 2011-2020, with the objective to halve the number of road traffic deaths by 2020. While the number of fatal road traffic crashes has decreased since then in high-income countries (HIC), it has increased in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Worldwide, about 90% of the crashes are recorded in LMIC (2016), while these countries had only about 60% of the motor vehicles.
Driving under the influence of alcohol is one of the principal reasons for road traffic crashes. The use of alcohol is also a risk factor for other road users, such as pedestrians and bicyclists. The involvement of alcohol in injurious and fatal road traffic crashes has been well documented in most HICs, but data for LMICs is scarce, particularly for African countries.
The study is a collaborative effort among the Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH), the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH) and the Oslo University Hospital (OUH), with the financial support of UK Aid through the Global Road Safety Facility (GRSF), the International Council on Alcohol Drugs and Traffic Safety (ICADTS) and the Norwegian Council for Road Safety (Trygg Trafikk).
The objective of the study was to generate new knowledge about road traffic injuries in Malawi and the extent of traffic accidents related to alcohol use, to increase capacity to conduct alcohol-testing, and develop a database for the findings, which in turn will form the basis for future policymaking to reduce traffic accidents.
The objectives were achieved through collecting data on patients who sought treatment after road traffic crashes and admitted to the Emergency Department at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi. The data included basic information about the patients, alcohol use before the injury, and information about accident circumstances, including types of road users and vehicles involved. Knowledge and training of local KCH employees to perform alcohol testing and record data were an important aspect of this study.
RESULTS ⌵︎
Acknowledgments ⌵︎
This research project was made possible with the financial support of UK Aid through the Global Road Safety Facility, the International Council on Alcohol Drugs and Traffic Safety and the Norwegian Council for Road Safety.