Publications

The Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) Road Safety Working Group, established in 2009, is comprised of ten member institutions that are uniquely positioned to support countries in reaching their considerable and challenging road safety financing needs.

In early 2023, the working group reviewed progress made by the MDBs in financing road safety activities in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), and found that MDBs collectively committed $3.6 billion toward road safety initiatives in developing countries during the period 2018-2022. Three standalone road safety projects—in Bangladesh (World Bank), India (Asian Development Bank and World Bank), and Romania (European Investment Bank)—totaled $912 million in MDBs financing, which is more than one-quarter of the amount committed during this timeframe.

The review is based on details of road and urban mobility project financing provided by seven of the working group's ten members.

Walking is a predominant mode of travel in Addis Ababa representing more than half of the daily trips. The mild climate in Addis Ababa is conducive for this healthy and green mode of transport. However, sidewalks are often narrow, uneven, obstructed, or non-existent, causing discomfort and road safety risks to the most vulnerable road users: pedestrians. Studies done by the WHO and the Government showed that AA has disproportionately high pedestrian fatalities. 

The study on Addis Ababa Sidewalk Safety and Improvement takes the approach of integrating digital technology and Urban Inventory in sidewalk surveys, applies the Global Walkability Index in sidewalk assessments, and adapts the global best practice to the local context. The Addis Ababa Sidewalk Design and Maintenance Guidelines seek to promote the development of quality pedestrian infrastructure and environments, based on the condition’s assessment and global best practices. The design specifications and visual rendering provide recommendations for the policy makers to consider when developing the City’s design and maintenance standards for urban roads, sidewalks, public spaces, and transit-oriented development, some of which are being carried out as part of the technical assistance program of the World-Bank financed Transport Systems Improvement Project (TRANSIP).

Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are well known to cause enormous human suffering in terms of both morbidity and mortality, and on a global scale. The economic dimension of the disease burden is far less well understood; but it is important to assess the size of the economic burden so that it can be considered when calculating the cost-benefit ratio of policies to tackle this problem. Because it is, in principle, and to some degree, an avoidable one.

This report focuses primarily on assessing various dimensions of the economic consequences of RTIs, as applied specifically to four Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan) – a part of the world in which there is still a major need to reduce RTIs.

This study shows that on top of the harm RTIs inflict upon human health, they also impose a considerable financial burden on health care systems. In 2016, the total estimated health costs of RTIs in these four countries was approximately Int$95 million, ranging from Int$2.8million in Tajikistan to Int$49.3 million in Kazakhstan. In Kazakhstan, the overall health costs resulting from RTIs were similar to the cumulative expenditure for rehabilitative and palliative care within the state-guaranteed basic package. The heavy financial burden on health care systems to manage RTIs in these countries adds weight to the urgency to increase preventive efforts by road safety policymakers, and should motivate appropriate organization of the post-crash response by health care system decision makers. The cost estimates discussed in this report indicate the potential for significant economic cost savings if both deaths and injuries from road crashes could be substantially reduced in these countries.

The World Bank estimates a significant funding gap in road safety of 260 billion to achieve SDG 3.6 and 11.2 in the next ten years, and recognizes that this gap cannot be closed through public funding alone and thus mobilization of private capital is required. The impacts of road traffic crashes reach far into the economy and can cost L/MICs as much as 6% of their GDP. The costs of a road traffic crash do not end at the roadside; they create ripple effects throughout the wider economy. Loss of income, property damage, insurance premiums, loss of taxes, and burdens on the health sector are just some of the far-reaching costs associated with road traffic crashes. Road traffic crashes can cost countries as much as 6 percent of their GDP and trap families in poverty as they lose income generating potential and focus on providing lifetime care.

This report examines the potential for private capital mobilization to close this gap. The report investigates the market failure to appropriately account for the cost of road crashes, which prevents private capital from flowing to road safety investments. The growth of socially responsible investing and the sustainable finance market offers a new opportunity to address this market failure. The report proposes different business models and financing instruments to channel private investment into road safety projects. These investment structures consist of subnational, public-private partnerships (PPPs) and corporate investments that can leverage the growing sustainable finance market, including social and sustainability-linked financings (SLFs).

The report also develops indicators that can be used to tie the cost of financing to the attainment of road safety targets, incentivizing borrowers to commit to road safety as part of SLFs. The report examines the enabling environment for structuring investable road safety projects in a sample of countries, looking at the barriers and opportunities, and proposing risks and mitigation strategies, like blended finance mechanisms and stable revenue sources, for long-term sustainability of road safety investments.

After almost two decades of experience with Road Safety Audit (RSA) Worldwide, this procedure is now recognized as one of the most efficient engineering tools. RSA is a highly efficient and cost-effective engineering tool for improvement of safety on roads. It is much cheaper to identify road safety deficiencies in the process of design than later after construction is completed. RSAs are among the most cost-effective investments a Road Authority can undertake.

With its EU Directive No. 2008/96 and amendment 2019/1936 on road infrastructure safety management, the European Union (EU) made a clear decision that RSA will be mandatory for the Trans-European Road Network (TERN) and main roads. This Directive contains another tool called Road Safety Inspection (RSI) on safety deficiencies of existing roads. The RSI is very similar to the process of Road Safety Audit in the pre-opening phase of newly constructed roads. RSIs are essential for the redesign and upgrading of existing roads, and these are done in many countries to give the designers insights and direction for safety improvements. Given that, the purpose of this practical guide is to provide practical guidance to those doing RSAs and RSIs, the examples of typical design deficiencies shown should be useful to both road safety inspectors and road safety auditors.

This document draws on the more comprehensive guidelines and manuals on Safety engineering mentioned in the acknowledgements but deliberately focuses only on these issues of direct relevance to road safety auditors/inspectors and to the road safety reports that they must prepare, including of recommendations for improvements.

This is a special edition of the guide, adapted for Ukraine road safety conditions and legislation, funded by the World Bank‘s Global Road Safety Facility (GRSF) under the Bloomberg Philanthropies Initiative for Global Road Safety (BIGRS).

Download the guide in English

Download the guide in Ukrainian